Glossary

One milligram is one thousand micrograms. Most peptide figures are quoted in micrograms and most vials are labelled in milligrams, which is where a thousand-fold error becomes possible.

The standard insulin syringe scale: 100 units to 1 millilitre. It measures volume, not amount of compound — the same 10 units contains different amounts depending on how you reconstituted.

Freeze-dried into a stable powder. This is how peptides are shipped and stored before water is added.

Certificate of Analysis — a laboratory document stating a batch’s identity and purity. A COA is only as trustworthy as the laboratory that issued it and the batch number it references.

A label indicating a compound is not approved for human use. It is a regulatory statement about approval status, not a claim about safety in either direction.